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- 中國(guó)互联网保险发展简史
之前的文(wén)章提到了互联网+保险是大势所趋，那么中國(guó)的互联网保险是如何从萌芽发展，到现在的欣欣向荣。今天就来探讨一下中國(guó)互联网的发展简史。
一般来说，中國(guó)互联网保险行业的发展截止目前可(kě)分(fēn)為(wèi)：萌芽期，起步期，探索期，积累期，发展期，爆发期。
互联网保险的兴起，归根结底是消费者日益增值的投保需求与線(xiàn)下保险行业不够完善的发展之间的冲突引发的。國(guó)内消费者的保险意识，保险理(lǐ)念随着经济的提升有(yǒu)了本质上的变化。从之前的听到保险就怕，就退，逐步转化為(wèi)希望主动了解保险，主动投保。而由于線(xiàn)下理(lǐ)赔慢，产品不够丰富等原因，消费者不再满足線(xiàn)下的保险产品与服務(wù)，于是乎互联网保险应运而生。
互联网保险发展萌芽期：1997~2004 年。该阶段，互联网保险以宣传和科(kē)普為(wèi)主。
1997 年底，中國(guó)保险信息网诞生，是我國(guó)**面向保险市场和保险公司内部的专业中文(wén)网站，也是我國(guó)保险行业*早的第三方网站；2000 年 3 月，“ 网险网” **实现了网上投保功能(néng)；2001 年 3 月，太平洋保险开通“ 网神”，开始了真正意义上的互联网保险业務(wù)，推出 30 多(duō)个险种。
此阶段互联网保险作為(wèi)销售代理(lǐ)而存在，各大保险公司都建立了自己的官方网站，发布保险产品的相关信息，但由于互联网金融规章制度尚未健全，法治环境尚不成熟，人们对于互联网保险的认识也存在很(hěn)多(duō)不足，互联网保险对于保险公司业務(wù)发展的作用(yòng)并不明显，主要起到宣传及普及保险知识的作用(yòng)，此时互联网保险处于萌芽期。
深化探索期：2005~2011 年，该阶段保险公司开始探索電(diàn)商(shāng)营销新(xīn)模式
2005年是中國(guó)互联网发展有(yǒu)里程碑意义的一年，这一年4 月正式实施的《*******電(diàn)子签名法》标志(zhì)着互联网保险进入加速发展阶段。截至 2009 年底，互联网保费收入规模达到 77.7 亿元。诸如慧择网、向日葵网、优保网等保险网站纷纷涌现，作為(wèi)互联网保险中介提供保险咨询及产品销售服務(wù)。
此阶段，随着互联网用(yòng)户的迅速增多(duō)，人们越来越倾向于通过互联网来获取金融保险产品和服務(wù)，同时各保险机构也致力于通过创新(xīn)实现新(xīn)的网络渠道的营销，逐步探索保险電(diàn)子商(shāng)務(wù)营销方式。
积累发展期：2012~2013 年 该阶段互联网保险实现了跨越式发展
自 2012 年中國(guó)保监会开始实施《保险代理(lǐ)、经纪公司互联网保险业務(wù)监管办法》，标志(zhì)着互联网保险走向专业化以及规范化，互联网保险业務(wù)发展秉承透明化和信息化的原则。2012 年 8 月之后，多(duō)家公司有(yǒu)了更进一步的行动：平安人寿发布“ 平安人寿 E 服務(wù)” APP 客户端；國(guó)华人寿通过“ 淘宝聚划算” 销售平台推出 3 款产品，短短 3 天时间内就实现了 1.05 亿元保费收入；泰康人寿则分(fēn)别与携程、淘宝等互联网平台合作打造互联网保险销售平台，取得了较好成效。2013 年出现了各种互联网金融的创新(xīn)，被称為(wèi)互联网金融元年。其中，2013 年 6 月推出的专為(wèi)个人用(yòng)户打造的余额增值服務(wù)——余额宝，既有(yǒu)支付宝的電(diàn)子支付的功能(néng)，又(yòu)有(yǒu)货币基金的理(lǐ)财功能(néng)，从运营之日起规模迅速膨胀，截至 2014 年 2 月 14 日，规模突破 4000 亿元。互联网金融理(lǐ)念渐渐深入人心，也逐步显现出巨大的影响力。 2013 年 11 月 6 日，由阿里巴巴、中國(guó)平安、腾讯公司共同筹资建立的“ 众安在線(xiàn)” 财产保险有(yǒu)限公司正式开业，标志(zhì)着我國(guó)互联网保险进入机构专营阶段。同年，淘宝理(lǐ)财频道**参与“ 双十一” 活动，保险产品成為(wèi)新(xīn)主角。
一阶段的互联网保险通过创新(xīn)实现了跨越式发展，基于電(diàn)子商(shāng)務(wù)及信息技术的发展需求开发了与此相宜的保险险种（如退货运费险、游戏账号装备险、微信支付安全险等），主要依托第三方電(diàn)子商(shāng)務(wù)平台、保险公司官方网站、保险超市等多(duō)种方式，逐步探索出其特有(yǒu)的业務(wù)管理(lǐ)模式，从而更好地為(wèi)投保人提供专业服務(wù)，打造优质體(tǐ)验。
爆发期：2014 年至今 该阶段互联网保险迎来了全面爆发
2014 年 8 月 13 日，“ 新(xīn)國(guó)十条” 的颁布给保险业未来转型升级勾勒了新(xīn)蓝图，支持保险公司积极运用(yòng)现代互联网技术进行创新(xīn)，云计算、大数据等技术无疑会带来更多(duō)可(kě)能(néng)和无限潜力。可(kě)见，互联网保险不仅仅是保险销售渠道的转变、升级，更是适宜保险产品的更新(xīn)换代。互联网保险需依照互联网的规则与模式，改变现有(yǒu)的保险产品、服務(wù)及运营方式，并非简单地把传统的保险产品移植到网上，而是需要重新(xīn)构造互联网保险关联各方的价值體(tǐ)系和运作逻辑，开发出适合互联网消费群體(tǐ)的保险产品
从销售渠道来看，互联网保险销售渠道多(duō)种多(duō)样，除了官网平台、代理(lǐ)机构建立的销售平台，还有(yǒu)第三方销售平台。其一，官网自销有(yǒu)利于品牌的建立和推广，如中國(guó)平安建立的平安直通、泰康人寿成立的泰康在線(xiàn)等。其二，代理(lǐ)机构建立的有(yǒu)类似于保险超市的专业代理(lǐ)渠道，可(kě)以提供一站式在線(xiàn)服務(wù)（如慧择网），也有(yǒu)类似于银行代理(lǐ)保险产品的网络兼业代理(lǐ)机构。其三，第三方销售平台包括三种：電(diàn)商(shāng)平台、保险咨询平台和综合类平台。電(diàn)商(shāng)平台较為(wèi)常见，随着人们网購(gòu)行為(wèi)的逐渐频繁，类似淘宝保险和京东保险这类方便快捷的投保平台日益得到青睐，尤其是退货运费险和产品质量退换险这类与网络購(gòu)物(wù)息息相关的小(xiǎo)额保险；保险咨询平台也得到进一步发展，如沃保网、向日葵保险网等，其可(kě)提供专家在線(xiàn)解答(dá)，100% 快速回答(dá)，用(yòng)户可(kě)自由查询，也可(kě)参考其他(tā)用(yòng)户的问题及解答(dá)；综合类平台如网易保险，是由网易公司与國(guó)内知名保险公司共同打造的一站式購(gòu)险平台，涵盖健康险、旅行险、車(chē)险、意外险、家财险等各个险种，网站设有(yǒu)保险 10 元店(diàn)、理(lǐ)赔指引等，為(wèi)用(yòng)户提供便捷**的网上保险消费體(tǐ)验。
图表：互联网保险不同销售渠道的特点及案例
从保险产品来看，具有(yǒu)多(duō)样性、个性化、创新(xīn)特色的互联网保险产品层出不穷。一方面诸如“ 脱单险”“ 赏月险”“ 雾霾险”“ 手机碎屏险” 等这类有(yǒu)新(xīn)意的趣味保险在一定程度上引起了市场关注和热议，但另一方面，这些表面上的产品创新(xīn)并不持久，会不断被新(xīn)生事物(wù)所代替，导致产品营销并未超过宣传热度。总體(tǐ)上来说我國(guó)的互联网保险产品有(yǒu)了一定程度上的创新(xīn)，但还是以線(xiàn)上销售線(xiàn)下产品為(wèi)主，还需有(yǒu)更具突破性的创新(xīn)模式。 从客户资源来看，网民(mín)的大量涌现带来了電(diàn)子商(shāng)務(wù)的迅猛发展，消费者有(yǒu)了新(xīn)的消费习惯。埃森哲（Accentare）2014 年调查显示，中國(guó)受访者中有(yǒu) 93% 表示已准备好网上購(gòu)买保险产品与服務(wù)，有(yǒu) 76% 已在使用(yòng)智能(néng)手机与各种平台的提供商(shāng)进行沟通。由此可(kě)见，互联网平台带来的客户资源及产品需求巨大，同
时这也会带来很(hěn)多(duō)潜在的行业竞争者，导致竞争加剧。
从技术层面来看，大数据的运用(yòng)有(yǒu)助于掌握准确的客户信息，网络技术使得互联网对保险公司的意义遠(yuǎn)不止于提供销售平台，其更大的功能(néng)在于通过先天的信息收集及分(fēn)析优势，掌握全方位资讯，解读客户行為(wèi)及心理(lǐ)，准确判断客户需求。因此，保险业需要紧跟时代步伐，在应用(yòng)大数据时保持开放和积极的态度，遵循客户至上的理(lǐ)念，否则宝贵的客户资源和核心技术都可(kě)能(néng)会成為(wèi)互联网企业的囊中之物(wù)。
互联网保险发展至今，越来越多(duō)的产品和技术的出现，给整个行业带了活力和机遇，同时也迎来了更多(duō)的困难和挑战。如何应对日益增多(duō)的新(xīn)渠道投诉？如何真正的做到产销分(fēn)离？新(xīn)入场者会带来哪些变革？
启明星在線(xiàn)作為(wèi)专注于互联网保险的咨询的公司，将在接下来的文(wén)章中為(wèi)您带来更详尽的分(fēn)析。(编辑：启明星在線(xiàn)）
From :businessinsuranceU.S. commercial property/casualty rates rose 5% on average in the fourth quarter of 2019, up from 4% in the third quarter, reflecting insurers’ intent to continue to increase prices across most lines, online insurance exchange MarketScout Corp. said Monday.“Auto rate increases have been up all year long; however D&O (directors & officers) and professional rate increases have spiked significantly in the fourth quarter,” Richard Kerr, CEO of MarketScout Corp. said in a statement.Insurers are carefully analyzing their property exposures using catastrophe modeling tools, he said. “We expect many of the major property catastrophe insurers to curtail their 2020 writings in California brush and East and Gulf Coast wind areas. Naturally, this will result in higher rates to insureds,” Mr. Kerr said.D&O liability rates increased by 8.25%, while commercial auto increased 8% in the quarter, and professional liability rates were up 6%, and umbrella/excess rates were up 5.5%, according to MarketScout.Commercial property rates increased 5.25% in the quarter, and business interruption rates were up 5%, while all other lines showed smaller increases, except for workers compensation, where rates fell 1%, MarketScout said.By industry class, transportation and habitational saw the highest average rate increases at 9% and 8.25% respectively, MarketScout said.Large accounts – those with $250,001 to $1 million in premium – saw a rate hike of 5.5% in the fourth quarter, as did jumbo accounts, which have more than $1 million in premium. Small accounts – those with up to $25,000 in premium – were up 5%, while medium accounts – those with $25,001 to $250,000 in premium – were up 4.5%.The “steady trend” of upward rates reflects insurers’ plans to continue increasing prices across all lines except for workers compensation, MarketScout said.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
From :insurancejournalIt was a relatively quiet year for the Southeast in terms of major catastrophes compared with 2018 when Hurricane’s Michael and Florence caused major damage in the region. This year, Hurricane Dorian sideswiped the Southeast coast and made landfall on the Outer Banks of North Carolina but most of the area was spared. Still, Aon said economic damage in the U.S. and Canada was poised to approach a combined $1.5 billion.Florida spent the year recovering from Hurricane Michael, which was upgraded to a Category 5 storm by NOAA in April. Florida officials have repeatedly called on the insurance industry to speed up the recovery process, with nearly 12% of claims still open a year after the storm hit.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
From:businessinsuranceeinsurance renewals at Jan. 1, 2020, mainly saw single-digit increases, with some exceptions, according to reports by reinsurance brokers released Thursday.Willis Re, the reinsurance brokerage of Willis Towers Watson PLC, and Guy Carpenter & Co. LLC, a unit of Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc. both reported that year-end reinsurance renewals varied by account and region, but the retrocessional reinsurance was under pressure.Rates on line for property catastrophe reinsurance programs remained stable and property per risk pricing was driven by individual program performance, the Willis report said.Although some Lloyd’s of London syndicates took firm positions on rate increases and the London market authorized capacity decreased, that capactiy was replaced by new capital and a strong supply from other markets, Willis Re said.U.S. loss-free accounts renewed at flat to up 10% while those with losses saw increases of 10% to 50%, the Willis Re report said, which was among the largest increases. Property catastrophe accounts without losses renewed at flat to up 5%, while loss hit accounts were up 10% to 20%, Willis Re said.According to the Guy Carpenter report, the brokerage’s global property catastrophe rate on line index rose 5% in 2019.According to the Willis Re report, other large increases were seen in Central and Eastern Europe, where property programs with losses saw increases of 5% to 20%, and Canada, where such accounts renewed up 10% to 40%.Most other regions and countries saw property increases in the single or low double digits, the report said.The Jan. 1 renewals saw some “difficult” negotiations, according to a letter in the report from James Kent, global CEO, Willis Re.The Guy Carpenter report said the reinsurance market was “asymmetrical,” adding “this is certainly not a one-size-fits-all market” and while overall capacity remained adequate, “allocated capacity tightened notably in stressed classes.”Dedicated reinsurance capital rose 2% in 2019 and the year saw approximately $60 billion in global insured catastrophe losses, according to Guy Carpenter, which was significantly lower than 2017 and 2018.Alternative capital, however, contracted by approximately 7% percent “as investors were more cautious with new investments after assessing market dynamics and pricing adequacy,” Guy Carpenter said.The retrocession market “was challenged … by trapped capital, a lack of new capital and continued redemptions from third-party capital providers,” a statement issued with the Guy Carpenter report said.However, significant retrocession providers returned to the market in the past two weeks, Willis Re said.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
Major information technology companies in India are running the risk of termination of their $1 billion contracts following Boeing Co.’s decision to halt the production of its 737 Max jets, MoneyControl reported citing the Business Standard. Companies like Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Infosys Ltd., HCL Technologies Ltd., Cyient Ltd. and L&T Technology Services Ltd. have outsourcing contracts with Boeing or its suppliers and Boeing’s jet crisis is expected to affect these IT companies in the short run.From:businessinsuranceOrganizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
France-based eyewear maker Essilor International S.A. has discovered fraudulent activities at one of its factories in Thailand that could cause €190 million ($213 million) in financial losses to the company, The Irish Times reported citing Reuters. The company has filed complaints in Thailand and has fired all the involved employees. It hopes to recover the losses from frozen bank accounts, insurance and lawsuits.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
